大數(shù)據(jù)為醫(yī)療事業(yè)賦能
來(lái)源：數(shù)據(jù)觀 時(shí)間：2019-03-19 14:37:02 作者：RYAN AYERS
數(shù)據(jù)觀|（譯）
大數(shù)據(jù)和人工智能能夠幫助我們解決日益增長(zhǎng)的護(hù)理人員短缺的問(wèn)題。
1、大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)能夠提供行而有效的解決方案嗎？
大數(shù)據(jù)分析能夠?yàn)榫珳?zhǔn)施策帶來(lái)深刻的變革。畢竟數(shù)據(jù)只是信息。例如，在大數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)的幫助下，醫(yī)療健康領(lǐng)域能夠得到極大的改善；電子病例（EHRs）就能給醫(yī)療健康供應(yīng)商提供一種收集病患數(shù)據(jù)以及長(zhǎng)期監(jiān)測(cè)病患健康狀況的方法。
先進(jìn)電子病例系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)實(shí)例是面向全體印度公民發(fā)放的Aadhaar卡，這種卡儲(chǔ)存了用戶的健康信息。烏干達(dá)政府也在一個(gè)類似的項(xiàng)目中發(fā)布了居民身份證，這種便利的技術(shù)將會(huì)是中低收入國(guó)家精簡(jiǎn)醫(yī)療健康系統(tǒng)，向更多消費(fèi)者提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)的好辦法。
不可否認(rèn)的是，現(xiàn)有的醫(yī)療健康供應(yīng)商們正在努力解決網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問(wèn)題。盡管大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)還處在初級(jí)階段，但是它對(duì)醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域來(lái)說(shuō)卻是一個(gè)永久性工具。目前，世界上的醫(yī)療健康供應(yīng)商們正在盡最大努力善用海量信息。
2、大數(shù)據(jù)從何而來(lái)？
信息時(shí)代， 每天產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)量相當(dāng)驚人?，F(xiàn)在，世界上大部分的財(cái)富都是以比特和字節(jié)來(lái)記錄的。像亞馬遜（Amazon）、谷歌（Google）以及 微軟（ Microsoft）這些科技巨頭，為全球用于獲取、存儲(chǔ)和共享信息的框架提供了很大一部分支持。此外，個(gè)人擁有的每一份銀行對(duì)賬單和主要資產(chǎn)都記錄在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的某個(gè)地方。
縱觀歷史發(fā)展，人們總是收集、儲(chǔ)存與資產(chǎn)及個(gè)人有關(guān)的信息。現(xiàn)在，醫(yī)療服務(wù)提供商能夠利用大數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行有力且積極地改變，從而改善中低收入家庭的總體健康狀況。
3、大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)如何助力醫(yī)療健康？
世界上有越來(lái)越多的人需要醫(yī)療健康服務(wù)，如同他們需要成功的機(jī)會(huì)一樣。比如，在美國(guó)，快速增長(zhǎng)的老齡人口使得醫(yī)療健康系統(tǒng)不堪稅負(fù)，政客們就管理國(guó)家醫(yī)療網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最佳方式展開了辯論。
與此同時(shí)，醫(yī)療服務(wù)提供商人才庫(kù)正在縮小。為了解決問(wèn)題，醫(yī)療健康系統(tǒng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們正在研究人工智能，以簡(jiǎn)化醫(yī)療服務(wù)流程。最終，被人工智能賦能了的大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)可以擴(kuò)大醫(yī)療服務(wù)供應(yīng)商的覆蓋面及有效性，以幫助解決全球?qū)I(yè)醫(yī)療人員的短缺問(wèn)題。
盡管現(xiàn)在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域存在問(wèn)題，但大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)在幫助醫(yī)護(hù)人員提供健康服務(wù)方面還是大有改進(jìn)的。例如，現(xiàn)在的醫(yī)生必須通過(guò)侵入性操作（手術(shù)）來(lái)收集組織樣本。然而，醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)專家們預(yù)測(cè)，有一天人工智能可能可以消除對(duì)這種操作的需要。大數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)與人工智能的結(jié)合終將強(qiáng)化醫(yī)生們分析腫瘤的能力，作出準(zhǔn)確診斷。如果成功的話，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)就能夠像真實(shí)的生物組織樣本一樣提供準(zhǔn)確且詳盡的生物信息，這將對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)界會(huì)產(chǎn)生驚人的影響。譬如，醫(yī)生們能夠利用人工智能技術(shù)去了解癌癥是如何對(duì)病患的整個(gè)身體產(chǎn)生影響的，而不是根據(jù)微小的組織樣本作出治療決定。
在遙遠(yuǎn)的未來(lái)，醫(yī)學(xué)研究人員希望利用腦機(jī)接口更好地與病患進(jìn)行溝通，醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域皆因這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的潛力而倍感振奮，因?yàn)樗梢詾閭吆筒』继峁┮环N幫助其快速康復(fù)的資源。
大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)的另一個(gè)重要的潛能是它可以降低護(hù)理成本。Accenture管理咨詢公司預(yù)測(cè)，到2026年，醫(yī)護(hù)人員能夠通過(guò)人工智能技術(shù)將一年的運(yùn)營(yíng)成本降低到1500億美元。利用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)能夠通過(guò)分析數(shù)據(jù)獲取更多改進(jìn)的機(jī)會(huì)，這些數(shù)據(jù)是從病患的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接醫(yī)療設(shè)備以及醫(yī)護(hù)人員的信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)中收集的。這將使得醫(yī)療組織降低成本，提升社區(qū)福利以及減少提供護(hù)理的成本。
隨著醫(yī)護(hù)人員更好地從病人數(shù)據(jù)中得到深刻啟發(fā)，他們也學(xué)會(huì)了更好的治療方法。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)能夠全面提高醫(yī)護(hù)人員服務(wù)質(zhì)量。隨著大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的日益成熟，許多組織將受益于運(yùn)營(yíng)改善、成本降低以及社區(qū)健康狀況好轉(zhuǎn)。
大數(shù)據(jù)和人工智能有很多方法去解決日益增長(zhǎng)的護(hù)理人員短缺問(wèn)題。為了產(chǎn)生最大的影響，醫(yī)護(hù)人員必須最大限度的利用大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)。例如，這些技術(shù)可以加速醫(yī)療技術(shù)框架的搭建，其范圍從機(jī)器人手術(shù)助手到高度先進(jìn)的診斷系統(tǒng)。
世界上的醫(yī)療保健供應(yīng)商們也將利用大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)，使醫(yī)保服務(wù)變得經(jīng)濟(jì)便捷，讓那些缺乏醫(yī)保待遇的人群能夠享受有效服務(wù)。
文章選譯自《CAN BIG DATA HELP PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HEALTHCARE?》,數(shù)據(jù)觀/石煜倩（編譯）
原文鏈接：
CAN BIG DATA HELP PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HEALTHCARE?
author : RYAN AYERS
Big Data and AI can help with the growing care provider shortage. Here is how and why.
One percent of the global population possesses 40-percent of all the world’s wealth, a persistent issue for which economists and politicians have debated about for some time. Economic inequality is a problem that’s plaguing nations around the world.
As part of the solution, economists and politicians would like to see financial prospects improve for lower-and middle-class households. However, there are researchers who don’t necessarily subscribe to this fix, as some nations have found other ways to reduce income disparities.
Meanwhile, many low-and middle-income families are struggling to maintain their health. Such is the case in the United States, where analysts estimate that the healthcare system wastes $765 billion per year.
For thousands of years, there’s been a substantial income gap between the rich and the poor. In 1975, for instance, the wealth of developed nations was 10 times that of developing ones. However, this statistic has improved somewhat over the last four decades. Yet, while income inequality in developing countries is decreasing, economic disparities in developed nations is on the rise, and around the world, 71-percent of adults have less than $10,000 in total wealth. In the interim, healthcare costs are rising beyond the means of many lower- and middle-class households.
Can Big Data Technology Provide Meaningful Solutions?
When presented the right way and to the right people, big data analyses can?lead to impactful changes. After all, data is simply information. Case in point, the healthcare field could improve tremendously with the assistance of big data systems. Electronic health records (EHRs), for instance, give healthcare providers a way to collect patient data and monitor their health over time.
One example of an advanced EHR system is the Aadhaar card issued to all Indian citizens, which stores their health information. In Uganda, the government issues national ID cards in a similar program. This convenient technology would be a great way to streamline the healthcare system of low- and middle-income countries and make medical services available to a larger segment of consumers.
Today’s healthcare providers are admittedly wrestling with cybersecurity issues. Still, big data technology — although in its beginning stages — is a permanent fixture in the healthcare field. For now, the world’s healthcare providers are doing their best to make meaningful use of a large amount of complex information.
Where Does Big Data Come From?
In the current information age, the amount of data that’s generated every day is astonishing. Now, most of the world’s wealth is memorialized in bits and bytes. Technology giants, such as Amazon, Google and Microsoft, support a large portion of the framework that the world uses to acquire, store and share information. Additionally, every bank statement and major asset owned by individuals’ is recorded somewhere in a database.
Historically, mankind has always collected and stored information about assets and individuals. Today, care providers can use big data systems to make powerful and positive changes that can improve overall health outcomes for lower- and middle-income households.
How Can Big Data Technology Help?
A growing number of the world’s population?needs healthcare services as well as opportunities to prosper. In America, for instance, the quickly expanding senior population is taxing the healthcare system, while politicians’ debate over the best ways to manage the nation’s healthcare network.
Simultaneously, the care provider talent pool is shrinking. As a solution, healthcare leaders are examining artificial intelligence (AI) as a way to streamline service delivery. Eventually, big data technology that’s supercharged by artificial intelligence could widen the reach and effectiveness of care providers, helping to make up for a global shortage of medical professionals.
Despite current issues in the field, big data technology is still helping care providers make?considerable improvements in the delivery of healthcare services. For instance, today’s physicians must use invasive procedures to collect tissue samples. Medical technology experts, however, forecast that AI could one day eliminate the need for this. Big data systems, in unison with artificial intelligence technology, could one day enhance the ability of doctors to analyze tumors and make accurate diagnoses. If successful, the technology could provide the same accuracy and detailed information as real tissue samples. This would have astounding implications. For example, physicians could use AI technology to understand how cancer affects a patient’s entire body, rather than making treatment decisions based on a minuscule tissue sample.
In the distant future, medical researchers want to use a technology called brain-computer interfaces to better communicate with patients, and the healthcare community is excited about the potential of the technology as a resource for quickly restoring functionality for injured and sick patients.
Another important potential benefit of big data technology is that it can decrease the cost of caregiving. Accenture management consulting firm forecasts that care providers could use artificial intelligence to slash operational costs by $150 billion per year by 2026. Using the technology, healthcare organizations will be able to find many opportunities for improvement by analyzing the data collected from patients’ Internet-connected medical devices as well as healthcare provider information networks. This would allow organizations to cut costs, improve community wellness and lower the cost of providing care.
As care providers get better at extracting meaningful insights from patient data, they’ll also learn better ways to deliver treatment. The technology can potentially improve the quality of services across the care provider continuum. As the big data technology field comes of age, many organizations will benefit from operational improvements and lowered expenses, as well as improved community health outcomes.
There are many ways that big data and AI can?help with the growing care provider shortage. To make the biggest impact, healthcare providers will have to leverage big data technology in every way possible. For instance, the technologies could fuel the frameworks for medical technologies that range from robotic surgical assistants to highly advanced diagnostic systems.
To date, the one-percent continue to possess nearly half of all global wealth. However, if the world’s governments were to mandate that employers pay all workers a reasonable living wage, many low-and middle-income families would have a better quality of life and increased access to healthcare. In the meantime, the world’s healthcare providers will do their best to bring care within the reach of underserved populations by using big data technology to make treatment more accessible.
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責(zé)任編輯：李蘭松