各國(guó)紛紛改口，“反華為聯(lián)盟”出現(xiàn)根本性松動(dòng)
來(lái)源：數(shù)據(jù)觀 時(shí)間：2019-02-28 15:21:55 作者：Kavit Majithia、Joseph Waring
數(shù)據(jù)觀丨王婕（譯）
伴隨著日前世界移動(dòng)通信大會(huì)(MWC)在西班牙巴塞羅那的開(kāi)幕，華為和其最新產(chǎn)品華為Mate X折疊屏手機(jī)無(wú)疑成了這次大會(huì)的第一個(gè)“爆點(diǎn)”，吸引了眾多人的目光。而不久前華為剛獲得的來(lái)自土耳其的5G大單，該項(xiàng)目將成為全球最大的云化EPC網(wǎng)絡(luò)，也是全球首次同時(shí)商用云化網(wǎng)絡(luò)、CUPS、灰度升級(jí)等5G演進(jìn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的核心網(wǎng)。顯然，正如華為創(chuàng)始人任正非此前在接受BBC專訪時(shí)表示的那樣——“美國(guó)不可能扼殺掉我們。這個(gè)世界離不開(kāi)我們，因?yàn)槲覀儽容^先進(jìn)。”在西方各國(guó)的圍堵之下，華為表現(xiàn)得十分自信、開(kāi)放和主動(dòng)。
同時(shí)，此前限制華為發(fā)展的外部環(huán)境似乎也在向好。美國(guó)Clubic網(wǎng)站稱，過(guò)去的一周是華為近年來(lái)最幸福的一周。美國(guó)發(fā)起的“反華為聯(lián)盟”出現(xiàn)根本性松動(dòng)，英國(guó)、德國(guó)、新西蘭等突然轉(zhuǎn)變態(tài)度，表示不會(huì)禁止華為參與5G。美國(guó)日前也宣稱不靠打壓而要提升美國(guó)企業(yè)在這一領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
來(lái)看看這些國(guó)家具體說(shuō)了些什么：
UK plays down Huawei 5G threat
英國(guó)正淡化華為5G威脅
A UK intelligence agency does not believe banning Huawei equipment from 5G rollouts is warranted, a development which could also provide a boost for the under-fire vendor across Europe.
英國(guó)的一家情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為，不應(yīng)禁止華為設(shè)備推出5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這一最新進(jìn)展無(wú)疑為這家在歐洲飽受爭(zhēng)議的供應(yīng)商注入了一針強(qiáng)心劑。
Citing comments from sources familiar with the matter,?Financial Times(FT) reported the UK’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) concluded it is possible to limit the risk of using Huawei’s kit in 5G networks in the country.
英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》曾援引知情人士的評(píng)論稱，英國(guó)國(guó)家網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全中心(NCSC)得出的結(jié)論表示該國(guó)有可能會(huì)降低在5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)中使用華為設(shè)備的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
While the comments are unconfirmed,?a NCSC representative told?Mobile World Live?in a statement that it has?“unique oversight and understanding of Huawei engineering and cyber security”, while adding it has concerns around its equipment and it has set out improvements it “expects the company to make”.
盡管上述言論尚未得到證實(shí)，但英國(guó)國(guó)家網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全中心(NCSC)的一名代表在一份聲明中對(duì)Mobile World Live表示，英國(guó)對(duì)華為的工程和網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全有著“獨(dú)特的監(jiān)督和理解”，同時(shí)補(bǔ)充稱，他們對(duì)華為的設(shè)備感到擔(dān)憂，并列出了希望華為做出的“改進(jìn)”。
An official government review to determine whether Huawei can be used in UK 5G networks, which the NCSC is contributing to, is expected to be published in March or April.
英國(guó)預(yù)計(jì)將于3月或4月發(fā)布一份由英國(guó)國(guó)家網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全中心(NCSC)起草的官方評(píng)估報(bào)告，以確定華為是否可以用于英國(guó)5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
UK unconvinced
英國(guó)持懷疑態(tài)度
FT’s?sources said the NCSC’s conclusion would “carry great weight” with European leaders, as the UK has access to sensitive to US intelligence through its membership of the Five Eyes intelligence sharing network.
英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》的消息人士表示，英國(guó)國(guó)家網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全中心(NCSC)的結(jié)論對(duì)歐洲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人有著“舉足輕重”的影響，因?yàn)橛?guó)作為“五眼聯(lián)盟”情報(bào)共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)（指二戰(zhàn)后英美多項(xiàng)秘密協(xié)議催生的多國(guó)監(jiān)聽(tīng)組織“UKUSA”。該機(jī)構(gòu)由美國(guó)、英國(guó)、澳大利亞、加拿大和新西蘭的情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)組成。這五個(gè)國(guó)家組成的情報(bào)間諜聯(lián)盟內(nèi)部實(shí)現(xiàn)互聯(lián)互通情報(bào)信息，竊取來(lái)的商業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)在這些國(guó)家的政府部門(mén)和公司企業(yè)之間共享。）的成員之一有權(quán)限接觸到敏感的美國(guó)情報(bào)。
The US, Australia and New Zealand, which are also members of the intelligence network, have already implemented 5G bans on Huawei and compatriot company ZTE. The US has pressured its allies to take the same stance, arguing Huawei’s equipment contains backdoors allowing the Chinese state to spy on other nations.
同樣是該情報(bào)系統(tǒng)成員的美國(guó)、澳大利亞和新西蘭等國(guó)，已經(jīng)對(duì)華為及其同胞公司中興通訊實(shí)施了5G禁令。美國(guó)正向其盟友施壓，要求它們采取同樣的立場(chǎng)并聲稱華為的設(shè)備安裝了“后門(mén)”，允許中國(guó)政府監(jiān)視其它國(guó)家。
Huawei has long denied such links exist: founder and CEO Ren Zhengfei?recently stated?that while he loves his country and supports the Communist Party of China “I would never do anything to harm another country or another individual”.
而華為長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直否認(rèn)上述這種聯(lián)系的存在——華為創(chuàng)始人兼首席執(zhí)行官任正非最近表示，盡管他熱愛(ài)自己的國(guó)家，支持中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨，但他“絕不會(huì)做任何傷害他國(guó)或他人的事情”。
The US argues that the fact 5G will be so fast and have many military applications means the risk of using Chinese telecoms equipment is very high.
美國(guó)則辯稱，5G的網(wǎng)速將如此之快，并具有許多軍事用途，這意味著使用中國(guó)電信設(shè)備的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)非常高。
However,?FT?reported the UK and Germany remain unconvinced.
然而，英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》的報(bào)道顯示英國(guó)和德國(guó)對(duì)此仍持懷疑態(tài)度。
A source said: “Other nations can make the argument that if the British are confident of mitigation against national security threats then they can also reassure their publics and the US administration that they are acting in a prudent manner in continuing to allow their telecommunications service providers to use Chinese components as long as they take the kinds of precautions recommended by the British.”
一位消息人士說(shuō)：“其他國(guó)家也可以這樣認(rèn)為：如果英國(guó)有信心減輕對(duì)其國(guó)家安全的威脅，那么他們同樣也可以安撫他們的民眾和美國(guó)政府。他們正以一種‘謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度’來(lái)允許他們的電信服務(wù)提供商繼續(xù)使用中國(guó)組件，只要他們采取英國(guó)方面建議的預(yù)防措施?！?/p>
Questions surrounding Huawei led to Vodafone Group?pausing installation?of new Huawei core network equipment across its European operations, while BT-owned EE has said it will strip Huawei equipment from its core network within two years.
圍繞華為的問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致沃達(dá)豐集團(tuán)（跨國(guó)性的移動(dòng)電話營(yíng)辦商。現(xiàn)為世界上最大的流動(dòng)通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司之一，在全球27個(gè)國(guó)家均有投資。在另外14個(gè)國(guó)家則與當(dāng)?shù)氐囊苿?dòng)電話營(yíng)辦商合作，聯(lián)營(yíng)移動(dòng)電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)。）正暫停其在歐洲業(yè)務(wù)中安裝新的華為核心網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備，而英國(guó)電信旗下的網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營(yíng)商EE則表示，將在兩年內(nèi)從其核心網(wǎng)絡(luò)中剝離華為設(shè)備。
France, Norway and?Poland?are also reportedly considering bans.
據(jù)報(bào)道，法國(guó)、挪威和波蘭也在考慮對(duì)華為的禁令。（Kavit Majithia）
Italy rejects reports of Huawei，ZTE 5G ban
意大利否認(rèn)對(duì)華為、中興5G實(shí)施禁令的報(bào)道
Italy’s Ministry of Economic Development denied reports it was planning to ban Huawei and ZTE from participating in the country’s 5G build-out, stating there was currently no proof of danger to national security.
意大利經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展部否認(rèn)了有關(guān)計(jì)劃禁止華為和中興參與該國(guó)5G建設(shè)的報(bào)道，并稱目前沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明這對(duì)國(guó)家安全構(gòu)成威脅。
In a statement, MISE hit back?at a report?by Italian newspaper?La Stampa, which cited sources as stating the government was ready to use its “golden power” legislation to pull out of 5G contracts with both vendors to avoid paying penalties.
該政府部門(mén)在一份聲明中回?fù)袅艘獯罄麍?bào)紙《新聞報(bào)》的一篇報(bào)道。該報(bào)道援引消息人士的話稱政府準(zhǔn)備利用其“金權(quán)”立法，取消與兩家供應(yīng)商的5G合同，以避免支付罰金。
The newspaper reported Italy had bowed to pressure from the US to ban the vendors over concerns they are using the equipment to spy for the Chinese state.
該報(bào)還報(bào)道稱，意大利已屈從于美國(guó)的壓力，禁止這些供應(yīng)商使用這些設(shè)備以防止中國(guó)政府從事間諜活動(dòng)。
MISE said in its statement that it denies the “print reconstructions”.
意大利經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展部則在其聲明中否認(rèn)了“重建（5G）計(jì)劃”。
“With reference to press articles on alleged banning of Huawei and ZTE companies from Italy in view of the adoption of 5G technology, the Ministry of Economic Development denies its intentions to take any initiative in this regard.”
“有媒體報(bào)道說(shuō)，由于對(duì)5G技術(shù)的采用，意大利針對(duì)華為和中興通訊公司頒布了所謂的禁令。而事實(shí)上我們沒(méi)有采取任何這類行動(dòng)的意圖。”
It continued to state that national security is priority and it will take action in the “event that critical issues arise”.
意大利方面隨后進(jìn)一步表示，國(guó)家安全高于一切，如果出現(xiàn)“重大問(wèn)題”，那么經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展部將會(huì)評(píng)估形勢(shì)，采取一切必要舉措。（Kavit Majithia）
Turkcell stands up for Huawei
土耳其移動(dòng)電話運(yùn)營(yíng)商Turkcell宣布支持華為
Turkcell declared its support for Huawei as global scrutiny grows against the Chinese vendor, with the operator stating it will continue to partner with the vendor and not act on uncorroborated claims.
在全球?qū)@家中國(guó)供應(yīng)商的審查越來(lái)越嚴(yán)格的形勢(shì)下，Turkcell（土耳其領(lǐng)先的移動(dòng)電話運(yùn)營(yíng)商，總部位于伊斯坦布爾。）日前公開(kāi)宣布支持華為。該公司高層表示，他們將繼續(xù)與這家供應(yīng)商合作，并且不會(huì)對(duì)未經(jīng)證實(shí)的指控采取任何行動(dòng)。
In a statement, CEO Kaan Terzioglu (pictured) said Huawei had been a reliable business partner and it was unfair to evaluate security vulnerability claims against the company “in isolation from the current developments in the market”.
Turkcell首席執(zhí)行官Kaan Terzioglu（見(jiàn)圖）在一份聲明中表示，華為一直是一個(gè)可靠的商業(yè)伙伴，在“與當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)發(fā)展隔絕”的情況下評(píng)估針對(duì)該公司的安全漏洞指控是不公平的。
A number of countries are considering?shutting Huawei out, following moves made by the US, Australia and New Zealand due to national security fears.
在美國(guó)、澳大利亞和新西蘭出于國(guó)家安全擔(dān)憂而采取行動(dòng)之后，一些國(guó)家正在考慮將華為排除在外。
Terzioglu, however, believes the problem is “not just about personal data privacy. It’s also about just a couple of global companies’ desire to stay in power”.
然而，Terzioglu認(rèn)為問(wèn)題“不僅僅是關(guān)于個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)隱私，還與一些跨國(guó)公司想要繼續(xù)掌握主動(dòng)權(quán)的考慮有關(guān)?！?/p>
He also said it would not be fair to evaluate Huawei’s current situation “by ignoring the competition in the smartphone market and the conflict of which company will lead 5G”.
他認(rèn)為通過(guò)無(wú)視華為在智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和其可能引領(lǐng)5G市場(chǎng)的現(xiàn)狀來(lái)對(duì)其進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)是不公平的。
“You may recall that last year another smartphone company faced unfavourable news. As you can see, whenever an unexpected company gets ahead, they are confronted. No-one should act on uncorroborated claims. Turkcell will continue to work with its long-time business partner Huawei, he said.
“你可能還記得去年另一家智能手機(jī)公司面臨的不利消息。正如你所看到的那樣，每當(dāng)一個(gè)意想不到的公司獲得成功，他們就會(huì)面臨挑戰(zhàn)。任何人都不應(yīng)該對(duì)未經(jīng)證實(shí)的說(shuō)法采取行動(dòng)”，Terzioglu表示，“Turkcell將繼續(xù)與我們的長(zhǎng)期業(yè)務(wù)伙伴華為保持合作?！?/p>
Terzioglu, which has pushed heavily on Turkcell establishing a number of?new digital services?in recent years, added that “data security remains as a top-priority national security issue globally”, while noting that there have been many failures of western companies in securing personal data.
Terzioglu近年來(lái)一直致力于推動(dòng)Turkcell建立一系列新的數(shù)字服務(wù)，他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)道，“數(shù)據(jù)安全對(duì)于全球國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)都仍然是最優(yōu)先級(jí)事務(wù)”，同時(shí)他還指出，西方國(guó)家的一些企業(yè)在保護(hù)個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)方面同樣存在許多失敗。
“There still are ongoing cases and investigations on this specific topic. Consequently, we are completely aware of potential risks. We have been, and always will be, cautious about our business partnerships,” added Terzioglu.
“關(guān)于這一特殊議題的案例和調(diào)查仍在進(jìn)行中，顯然我們對(duì)潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)完全知情。我們一直、也將永遠(yuǎn)對(duì)我們的商業(yè)伙伴關(guān)系保持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度”，Terzioglu說(shuō)道。（Kavit Majithia）
New Zealand to reassess Huawei 5G restriction
新西蘭重新評(píng)估對(duì)華為5G的限制
New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern raised the possibility Huawei could still play a role in building a next-generation mobile network in the country, after stating it will independently evaluate the risk of using the vendor’s gear in 5G networks.
新西蘭總理杰辛達(dá)·阿德恩表示，新西蘭將獨(dú)立評(píng)估在其5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)中使用華為設(shè)備的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并提出華為仍有可能在該國(guó)下一代移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)中發(fā)揮作用。
In late November 2018 New Zealand’s Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB)?turned down operator Spark’s initial bid?to deploy Huawei infrastructure in a 5G network, citing significant national security risks.
2018年11月底，新西蘭政府通信安全局以存在重大國(guó)家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為由，拒絕了新西蘭電信服務(wù)商Spark在5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)中部署華為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的初步投標(biāo)。
Operators are required to notify the country’s spy agency of their planned approach to 5G deployments.
該運(yùn)營(yíng)商被要求將其計(jì)劃部署5G的方式通知新西蘭情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)。
Ardern said there has been no final decision and the government is working through a process, meaning Huawei could still be involved if Spark can satisfy the GCSB’s concerns,?Bloomberg?reported.
據(jù)彭博社報(bào)道，阿德恩表示，目前政府還在對(duì)華為5G進(jìn)行評(píng)估與商討中，還沒(méi)有得出最終決定。這意味著如果Spark能夠減輕新西蘭政府通信安全局的安全隱憂，華為仍有可能參與該國(guó)的移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)。
A Spark representative told?Newshub?the operator was holding discussions with GCSB: “We are working through what possible mitigations we might be able to provide to address the concerns raised by the GCSB and have not yet made any decision on whether or when we should submit a revised proposal.”
Spark的一名代表告訴Newshub（新西蘭的一家新聞服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)），他們正在與新西蘭政府通信安全局進(jìn)行討論：“我們正在研究能夠提供哪些可能的緩解措施，以減輕新西蘭政府通信安全局提出的擔(dān)憂，但尚未就是否或何時(shí)提交修訂后的提案做出任何決定?！?strong>（Joseph Waring）
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注：《各國(guó)紛紛改口 “反華為聯(lián)盟”出現(xiàn)根本性松動(dòng)》來(lái)源于MOBILE WORLD LIVE。數(shù)據(jù)觀王婕/編譯，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明譯者和來(lái)源。
點(diǎn)擊查看原文：
1、UK plays down Huawei 5G threat
2、Italy rejects reports of Huawei, ZTE 5G ban
3、Turkcell stands up for Huawei
4、New Zealand to reassess Huawei 5G restriction
責(zé)任編輯：李蘭松