區(qū)塊鏈如何顛覆教育系統(tǒng)？

來源：數(shù)據(jù)觀 時間：2019-02-12 14:38:15 作者：RYAN AYERS

HOW WILL BLOCKCHAIN TRANSFORM THE EDUCATION SYSTEM?

數(shù)據(jù)觀/黃玉葉（編譯）

Smart classrooms aren’t too far off, and blockchain technology may become an integral part of schools all over the globe in a few years. But how will this system help administrators and students?

智能教室已然不遠(yuǎn)，區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)有望在近幾年內(nèi)成為全球?qū)W校里不可或缺的一部分。但是，這個系統(tǒng)將如何幫助學(xué)校管理員和學(xué)生呢?

Bitcoin is the most well-known virtual currency in the world, at one time reaching a value of over $19,000 per coin. Its biggest legacy, however, has nothing to do with its value, but with the type of network it uses.

比特幣是世界上最知名的虛擬貨幣，一度價值超過1.9萬美元。然而，它最大的饋贈與其價值無關(guān)，而是在于它使用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型。

The blockchain, which has gained fame over the last few years for its superior cybersecurity capabilities, has begun to see use in a number of industries that take security seriously, including finance and healthcare. The potential uses for the blockchain, however, extend far beyond its current applications and could make a big difference in classrooms one day.

過去幾年里，區(qū)塊鏈因其卓越的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全能力而聲名鵲起。如今，它已開始在重視安全的行業(yè)，譬如金融和醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域得到應(yīng)用。然而，區(qū)塊鏈的潛在用途遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了它目前的應(yīng)用，有朝一日勢必給課堂帶來重大影響。

Education is a sector that is just as important as healthcare and finance, and there are lots of areas within this sector that could be improved using technology. The market for edtech is growing quickly, and is estimated to reach $93.76 billion globally by 2020. Already, tools like virtual reality and personalized learning with artificial intelligence are helping to improve learning outcomes for students at all levels.

教育與醫(yī)療和金融同等重要，在教育界有許多領(lǐng)域可以利用技術(shù)加以改進。教育科技的市場正在迅猛增長，預(yù)計到2020年全球市場規(guī)模將達(dá)到937.6億美元。諸如虛擬現(xiàn)實和個性化人工智能學(xué)習(xí)等工具已經(jīng)在幫助各個層次的學(xué)生提高學(xué)習(xí)效果。

Smart classrooms aren’t too far off, and blockchain technology may become an integral part of schools all over the globe in a few years. But how will this system help administrators and students? To understand the potential impact of blockchain in the education system and predict how this technology will impact teachers and students, it’s helpful to know how other sectors have used it to improve their processes—and how schools might one day follow in their footsteps.

智能教室離我們不遠(yuǎn)了，幾年后區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)可能會成為全球?qū)W校不可或缺的一部分。但是這個系統(tǒng)將如何幫助學(xué)校管理員和學(xué)生呢?為了了解區(qū)塊鏈在教育系統(tǒng)中的潛在影響，并預(yù)測這項技術(shù)將如何影響教師和學(xué)生，我們首先得知曉其他部門是如何利用區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)來改進他們的工作流程，如此一來學(xué)校才能追隨他們的步伐。

Banks and Hospitals Paving the Way for Better School Security

銀行和醫(yī)院的實踐為學(xué)校安全鋪平道路

Globally, people are understandably worried about their privacy and the security of their data. Parents are especially protective of their children’s data, and schools have to take the threat of data breaches seriously as online records become more common every year.

從全球來看，人們擔(dān)心自己的隱私和數(shù)據(jù)安全是情理之中的事情。家長對孩子的數(shù)據(jù)保護尤為嚴(yán)格，隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)記錄的日益普化，學(xué)校不得不嚴(yán)肅對待數(shù)據(jù)泄露的威脅。

Schools can follow the lead of industries like finance and healthcare and use the blockchain to help keep student data safe in the coming years. These industries have been paving the way for years and the infrastructure that will allow schools to secure their data with blockchain technology is finally being built, thanks to the successful tests and experiments conducted by healthcare and financial organizations.

學(xué)?？梢孕Х陆鹑诤歪t(yī)療等行業(yè)的做法，在未來幾年里利用區(qū)塊鏈來確保學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)的安全。多年來，這些行業(yè)一直在為此鋪平道路，多虧了醫(yī)療和金融機構(gòu)進行的成功測試和實驗，支持區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的校園數(shù)據(jù)保護基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施終于得以建立。

Banks and financial institutions are understandably security-focused, and have been pioneers in using blockchain technology. Although the process of updating the blockchain’s distributed ledger can be slow, it is much faster than many other digital means of transferring value.

銀行和金融機構(gòu)理所當(dāng)然以安全為中心，是使用區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的先鋒。雖然更新區(qū)塊鏈分布式分類賬的過程可能較緩慢，但它比許多其他數(shù)字價值傳輸?shù)姆绞揭斓枚唷?/p>

In healthcare, blockchains are being used to help reduce the impact of cybercrime and data theft in the industry. An astounding 1 out of every 4 breaches targets the healthcare sector, affecting 1 in 13 patients in the United States. Healthcare data is extremely valuable to hackers because it is so personal, permanent, and detailed. To help fight off cybercriminals, many healthcare organizations and insurers are either using or considering using blockchain technology. The transparency of the system, combined with the fact that nothing is truly deleted, makes it much more difficult to steal patient data undetected.

在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域，區(qū)塊鏈被用來幫助減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪和數(shù)據(jù)盜竊對行業(yè)的影響。令人震驚的是，每4起攻擊事件中就有1起針對醫(yī)療行業(yè)，在美國每13名患者中就有1人受到影響，醫(yī)療數(shù)據(jù)對黑客來說價值連城，因為它是如此的個人化、永久性和詳細(xì)周密。為了打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪，許多醫(yī)療機構(gòu)和保險公司正在使用或考慮使用區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)，系統(tǒng)的透明性，加上不刪除任何內(nèi)容的事實，使得黑客想在不被發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況下竊取患者數(shù)據(jù)變得更加困難。

Security Concerns and Degree Verification on College Campuses

大學(xué)校園的安全問題和學(xué)位認(rèn)證

Unfortunately, education isn’t far behind finance and healthcare when it comes to data breaches. After these two industries, education experienced the most data breaches of any sector in 2017, making up 13% of all breaches. Student data, although it might seem worthless since most young children and teens have limited financial information, is actually becoming a hot commodity among cybercriminals.

不幸的是，在數(shù)據(jù)泄露方面，教育并不比金融和醫(yī)療樂觀多少。繼這兩個行業(yè)之后，教育行業(yè)在2017年遭遇的數(shù)據(jù)泄露事件是所有行業(yè)中最多的，占所有數(shù)據(jù)泄露事件的13%。學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)，雖然看似毫無價值，因其大多數(shù)兒童和青少年的財務(wù)信息有限，但實際上正在成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)罪犯的熱門商品。

Security and verification are becoming a major concern both on college campuses and after students leave to enter the workforce. Data breaches target student records and steal information that can be used to create fake identities or be sold by hackers. Protecting records with the blockchain could make these attacks ineffective, protecting students’ identities and school records. As more schools from kindergarten to university go digital, this could be key in ensuring student privacy.

信息安全與證件核查正在成為大學(xué)校園和學(xué)生離開校園進入職場后的一個主要問題。數(shù)據(jù)入侵的目標(biāo)是學(xué)生記錄，竊取可以用來偽造身份或被黑客出售的信息。使用區(qū)塊鏈保護記錄有望抵御這些攻擊，從而保護學(xué)生的身份信息和校園記錄。從幼兒園到大學(xué)，越來越多的學(xué)校開始數(shù)字化，這可能是確保學(xué)生隱私的關(guān)鍵。

Employing blockchain security protocols in higher education has its other uses as well—namely defending employers against people who claim to have a degree, but really don’t. Unfortunately, people have been known to lie about their degrees and qualifications to employers, claims that are difficult (if not impossible) to verify under current systems. When students enter the workforce, blockchain could also be used to help assure employers that potential candidates fresh out of school have the qualifications that they claim on their resume, by storing that information in a secure ledger.

在高等教育中使用區(qū)塊鏈安全協(xié)議還有其他用途——即保護雇主免受那些謊報虛假學(xué)位的欺騙。不幸的是，大家都知道，人們會向雇主謊報自己的學(xué)位和資格，在目前的制度下，這種說法很難(如果不是不可能的話)核實。當(dāng)學(xué)生進入職場，可以運用區(qū)塊鏈將學(xué)生的學(xué)位信息存儲在一個安全的分類賬中，以幫助雇主確保剛畢業(yè)的潛在求職者擁有符合簡歷描述的學(xué)歷資格。

Potential Uses for Blockchain Technology in the Education Sector

區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)在教育領(lǐng)域的潛在應(yīng)用

By looking to other industries that currently use blockchain technology, we can start to make predictions about how these networks could be used in an educational setting. While the number of potential uses in education is very large, there are a few that are the most exciting.

通過觀察目前使用區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的其他行業(yè)，我們可以開始預(yù)測這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)將如何在教育環(huán)境中應(yīng)用，雖然教育的潛在用途非常多，但也有一些是最令人興奮的。

Test Prep and Learning

備考與學(xué)習(xí)

Russian platform Disciplina is the first platform to harness the power of blockchain technology solely for education and recruiting. TeachMePlease, one of the Disciplina applications, is a higher education marketplace, bringing teachers and students together.

俄羅斯Disciplina平臺，是首個教育和人力資源區(qū)塊鏈平臺。TeachMePlease（“請教我”）是其中的一項應(yīng)用，它是一個將教師和學(xué)生聯(lián)系在一起的高等教育市場。

Another blockchain platform that’s emerging in this space is Opet Foundation’s chatbot app to help students with test prep. It answers questions and recommends resources while keeping track of student progress in the blockchain.

在這個領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)的另一個區(qū)塊鏈平臺是Opet Foundation聊天機器人應(yīng)用程序，它能幫助學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備考試，這款應(yīng)用可以回答問題并推薦（教育）資源，同時利用區(qū)塊鏈跟蹤學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)進度。

Library and Information Services

圖書館及資訊服務(wù)

Because it is easier to keep track of and store information, the blockchain could be used to enhance library and information services in schools. Though few libraries have started experimenting with blockchain technology, at least one school has received a substantial grant to begin the discovery process.

因為更易于跟蹤和存儲信息，區(qū)塊鏈可以用來加強圖書館和學(xué)校的信息服務(wù)。雖然很少有圖書館已開始嘗試區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)，但至少有一所學(xué)校已經(jīng)獲得了一筆可觀的資金來啟動這一發(fā)現(xiàn)過程。

Transportation

交通

Getting students to school is an important part of educating them. In the future, ridesharing apps resting on blockchain technology could be used to organize carpools for students with special needs. This will be particularly important as roadways become more congested and carpooling becomes a necessity. Using the blockchain in this way would also take the burden off of parents and ensure that all children get the safe transportation they need.

接學(xué)生上學(xué)是教育他們的一個重要部分。未來，基于區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的拼車應(yīng)用可以用來為有特殊需求的學(xué)生組織拼車。隨著道路變得更加擁擠，拼車成為一種必要，這一點尤為重要，這種使用區(qū)塊鏈的方式也可以減輕父母的負(fù)擔(dān)，確保所有的孩子都能享受到他們需要的安全交通。

Looking Toward the Future

展望未來

Because blockchain use in the education space is still very new and unexplored, there are a lot of unanswered questions. What is clear, however, that the possibilities are endless. As school administrators look to the future, they would do well to think about how to harness this powerful technology.

因為區(qū)塊鏈在教育領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用還算新，缺乏探索，所以仍有很多待解問題。然而，有一點是明確的，那就是區(qū)塊鏈的可能性是無限的。當(dāng)學(xué)校管理者展望未來時，他們應(yīng)該好好想想如何利用這項強大的技術(shù)。

注：《區(qū)塊鏈如何顛覆教育系統(tǒng)?》來源于Dataconomy(點擊查看原文)。數(shù)據(jù)觀黃玉葉/編譯，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明譯者和來源。

責(zé)任編輯：李蘭松