2019年哪些技術(shù)將滲透航空國防領(lǐng)域？

來源：數(shù)據(jù)觀 時(shí)間：2019-01-17 15:29:51 作者：Mary Shacklett

6 ways government projects will influence big data and IoT in 2019

數(shù)據(jù)觀|（編譯）

Learn which innovations and developments found in aerospace and defense will enter the commercial market as products and new capabilities for big data and IoT in the new year.

新的一年里，我們需要了解在航空與國防領(lǐng)域，哪些創(chuàng)新發(fā)展成果將會作為大數(shù)據(jù)和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品及新功能進(jìn)入商業(yè)市場。

The inspiration behind new technologies comes from an assortment of variables including nature, science fiction, and product demand, to name a few. More specifically innovations and developments found in aerospace and defense often trickle down to the commercial market as products and new capabilities for big data and IoT.

新技術(shù)背后的靈感來自各種各樣的變量，這些變量包括自然、科幻小說和產(chǎn)品需求等。更具體地說，航空航天和國防領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展往往以大數(shù)據(jù)和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品和新功能的形式滲透到商業(yè)市場。

Dr. Mike Barrett, manager of the Power and Propulsion Element effort at NASA's Glenn Research Center, echoed these sentiments.

美國國家航空航天局（NASA）的格倫研究中心動力推進(jìn)裝置的負(fù)責(zé)人 Mike Barrett博士對此表示認(rèn)同。

"In the early days of the Apollo flights we built most of the technology that was needed for space ourselves," said Barrett. "But now we prefer for our commercial partners to do most of the innovations and development. In return, our industry partners are able to leverage these new technologies into breakthrough commercial applications for other markets."

Barrett表示："在阿波羅登月計(jì)劃早期，我們自己建立了太空所需的大部分技術(shù)。但是現(xiàn)在我們更傾向于讓商業(yè)伙伴去做更多的創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展。相應(yīng)的，我們的行業(yè)合作伙伴能夠利用這些新技術(shù)為其他市場帶來突破性的商業(yè)應(yīng)用?！?/p>

Below shows six examples of new technology developments coming out of NASA and the Department of Defense (DoD) that you should keep an eye on in 2019.

以下展示了美國NASA和DoO（國防部）發(fā)布的六個(gè)新興技術(shù)發(fā)展的例子，您應(yīng)該在2019年密切關(guān)注。

1.Real-time data cleaning

1.實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)清理

With IoT, the ETL (extract, transform, and load) process that IT laboriously executes to clean big data could radically change. As an example, drones in military operations are programmed with machine and deep learning algorithms that enable it to determine, which pieces of data are critical to a mission, and which are not. During the in-flight, real-time data collection process, these drones assess all incoming data and automatically discard irrelevant data, dramatically shrinking data payloads.

有了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)，IT人費(fèi)力執(zhí)行大數(shù)據(jù)清理的ETL（提取、轉(zhuǎn)化和加載）過程可能會發(fā)生徹底的變化。例如，使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和深度學(xué)習(xí)算法編程的無人機(jī)在軍事作戰(zhàn)中能夠確定哪些數(shù)據(jù)對于任務(wù)來說是至關(guān)重要的，哪些不是。在飛行期間的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)采集過程中，無人機(jī)對于所有輸入的數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)行評估，并且自動摒棄無關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，極大地縮減了數(shù)據(jù)的有效載荷。

2.Hardened sensors

2.強(qiáng)化傳感器

In both the Lunar Lander and Mars projects, NASA wants hardened sensors that can withstand extreme heat, cold, high radiation levels, and other harsh environmental conditions found in space. These new hardened sensors are more reliable than what companies presently use in their IoT and will go far in preventing IoT sensor failures in space and elsewhere.

在月球著陸器和火星項(xiàng)目中，NASA想要能夠經(jīng)受極高溫、極寒、高輻射以及太空中其他惡劣環(huán)境條件的強(qiáng)化傳感器。這些新的強(qiáng)化傳感器比公司目前使用的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器更加可靠，而且這種傳感器在預(yù)防太空和其他地方物聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳感器故障方面表現(xiàn)更加出色。

3. Machine learning and AI

3.機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)與人工智能

In military operations, commercial sector contractors and DoD are working on self-healing formations of drones, where each drone executes its own machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) as it flies a mission. Using this machine learning and AI, a drone fleet on a mission can detect when a member has failed, and then communicate with other drones to regroup and continue the mission without interruption.

在軍事行動中，商業(yè)部門承包商和國防部正在研發(fā)無人機(jī)陣型的自我修復(fù)，每架無人機(jī)在飛行時(shí)都會執(zhí)行自己的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能任務(wù)。使用這種機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能，執(zhí)行任務(wù)的無人機(jī)艦隊(duì)可以監(jiān)測到成員何時(shí)出現(xiàn)了故障，然后與其他無人機(jī)通信連接，重新組合，不間斷地繼續(xù)執(zhí)行任務(wù)。

This type of self-healing failover can easily be used on manufacturing assembly lines, with machines interoperating and communicating together —and devising alternate production paths if a single machine fails.

這種形式的自我修復(fù)故障和轉(zhuǎn)移易于應(yīng)用到制造裝配流水線上，機(jī)器之間可以交互操作、相互聯(lián)通，如果一臺機(jī)器發(fā)生故障，還可以設(shè)計(jì)備用生產(chǎn)路徑。

4. Symbiotic man-machine work processes

4.人機(jī)共生工作進(jìn)程

In military operations, a technology that symbiotically teams humans and drones on missions is designed so an unmanned vehicle can fly as a teammate with a manned aircraft.

在軍事行動中，設(shè)計(jì)一種在人類和無人機(jī)上共同協(xié)作的技術(shù)，因此無人飛行器可以和有人駕駛飛機(jī)的隊(duì)友一起飛行。

"Effective manned/unmanned teaming can reduce the high cognitive workload, allowing warfighters to more exclusively focus on mission planning and management," said Mark Cole, business strategy and development, Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) and Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) programs, at Lockheed Martin Skunk Works, a DoD contractor.

來自美國國防部承包商洛克希德·馬丁公司，商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略與發(fā)展，情報(bào)監(jiān)視與偵察(ISR)和無人機(jī)系統(tǒng)(UAS)項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人Mark Cole透露：“有效的載人/無人駕駛能夠減少高認(rèn)知工作量，從而讓作戰(zhàn)人員更加專注于任務(wù)的規(guī)劃和管理?！?/p>

This man-machine symbiosis can work just as well for a logistics provider with a 1,000 vehicle fleet.

這種人機(jī)共生裝置同樣適用于擁有1000輛運(yùn)輸卡車的物流供應(yīng)商。

5. Solar power

5.太陽能

In NASA's Lunar Lander project the energy source of choice is solar, which is limitless in space and does not require transport. NASA plans to take advantage of the limitless space solar supply by applying logistics to its vehicle lunar orbits. The plan includes keeping an orbiting craft away from the dark side of the moon, so that the craft can continuously replenish its fuel supplies because it is always exposed to the sun's solar energy.

在NASA的月球登陸計(jì)劃中，選用的能源是太陽能，其在太空中是無限的并且無需運(yùn)輸。NASA計(jì)劃利用太空中無盡的太陽能補(bǔ)給，將物流應(yīng)用到月球軌道設(shè)備中。這個(gè)計(jì)劃包括讓一艘軌道飛行設(shè)備遠(yuǎn)離月球的黑暗面，這樣這臺設(shè)備就能持續(xù)地供能，因?yàn)樗恢痹诮邮仗柲堋?/p>

Look for data centers to also seek out ways to maximize their energy use through logistics as well as through technology.

數(shù)據(jù)中心也可以找到最大限度利用能源的方法。

6. Legacy systems

6.保留系統(tǒng)

In space and defense and in the private sector, there is a desire to keep legacy systems in place that continue to perform well. Substantial investments has already been made in these legacy platforms, and no one wants to waste them.

在太空和國防領(lǐng)域以及私營部門，都希望現(xiàn)有的系統(tǒng)保持良好運(yùn)行。這些平臺上早有大量的投資資金，沒有人想浪費(fèi)這些投資資金。

Accordingly, vendors working on military projects are asked to develop technologies that are backwardly compatible with existing technology bases. This is exactly what enterprise IT wants.

因此，從事軍事項(xiàng)目的供應(yīng)商們被要求開發(fā)與現(xiàn)有技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)相兼容的技術(shù)。這正是企業(yè)IT人所需要做的。(石煜倩)

注：《2019年哪些技術(shù)將滲透航空國防領(lǐng)域？》來源于Techrepublic網(wǎng)站(點(diǎn)擊查看原文)。數(shù)據(jù)觀石煜倩/編譯，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明譯者和來源。

責(zé)任編輯：李蘭松