你知道嗎？區(qū)塊鏈將顛覆這五大行業(yè)

來(lái)源：數(shù)據(jù)觀(guān) 時(shí)間：2018-09-06 14:13:41 作者：Ryan Ayers

數(shù)據(jù)觀(guān)丨王婕（譯）

你可能已經(jīng)通過(guò)加密貨幣聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)了，但你知道區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)有望給房地產(chǎn)、交通甚至司法等行業(yè)帶來(lái)革命嗎？

區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)也許因比特幣而生，但它自帶的安全性交易的潛力，令這種強(qiáng)大技術(shù)的使用變成激動(dòng)人心的可能。加密貨幣的基本算法即創(chuàng)新。在未來(lái)，各行各業(yè)的企業(yè)都有可能使用區(qū)塊鏈來(lái)記錄和驗(yàn)證每一筆交易。這個(gè)實(shí)用的去中心化特性使其成為一種頗具吸引力的業(yè)務(wù)資源，企業(yè)對(duì)數(shù)字化備案應(yīng)用的透明性和終結(jié)性十分向往。

區(qū)塊鏈可以增加信任感和責(zé)任感

隱私問(wèn)題是每個(gè)美國(guó)人都關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。在美國(guó)，大多數(shù)企業(yè)都將自己的交易記錄存儲(chǔ)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，隨著數(shù)據(jù)泄露事件頻頻見(jiàn)諸報(bào)端，美國(guó)人已逐漸對(duì)這種情況精疲力竭。雖然區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)不能防止所有數(shù)據(jù)被盜和網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪，但它可以幫助交易變得更安全，從而提高人們對(duì)企業(yè)保護(hù)消費(fèi)者數(shù)據(jù)能力的信任。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪率不斷上升的情況下，不得不說(shuō)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)來(lái)得正是時(shí)候。第一批被區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)淘汰的應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒈蛔C明是最不安全的交易方法。從我在不同行業(yè)看到的顛覆情況來(lái)看，我相信區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)對(duì)于任何涉及交易的行業(yè)或領(lǐng)域來(lái)說(shuō)都是一個(gè)可靠的資源。

以下便是在不久的將來(lái)，區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)將為之帶來(lái)最令人興奮的顛覆，涉及五個(gè)行業(yè)、機(jī)構(gòu)和領(lǐng)域。

1.金融行業(yè)

政府和大公司正在密切研究區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)，以發(fā)掘使其落地的方法。由于欺詐行為是銀行和其他金融機(jī)構(gòu)目前面臨的一個(gè)巨大問(wèn)題，金融業(yè)正緊鑼密鼓地對(duì)區(qū)塊鏈展開(kāi)研究。金融業(yè)高管認(rèn)為，在將資金從一個(gè)賬戶(hù)轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)賬戶(hù)時(shí)，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可能是一種理想的安全解決方案——在任何交易中，資金轉(zhuǎn)移一直是最安全性最弱的一環(huán)。區(qū)塊鏈可能不僅會(huì)顛覆數(shù)字安全領(lǐng)域，還會(huì)顛覆物流和許多行業(yè)的其他領(lǐng)域。加密貨幣也進(jìn)入了眾籌和投資市場(chǎng)，并催生了Okcoin、Poloniex和ShapeShift等加密貨幣交易所。這種轉(zhuǎn)變不僅為個(gè)人提供了許多新的投資機(jī)會(huì)，還創(chuàng)造了一些新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，例如加密貨幣投資銀行家。盡管這是新生職業(yè)，但有人預(yù)測(cè)，這個(gè)崗位將有望得到與傳統(tǒng)投資銀行家一樣的薪酬，后者的薪資平均約為81339美元。

2.司法領(lǐng)域

企業(yè)和機(jī)構(gòu)可能會(huì)使用區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)來(lái)進(jìn)行安全記錄、核實(shí)庫(kù)存、監(jiān)控資源以及重新分配資產(chǎn)。通過(guò)這些方法，區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)可以為共享經(jīng)濟(jì)鋪平道路。社會(huì)地位不平等、收入差距大和可持續(xù)性收入增長(zhǎng)是全球現(xiàn)代資本主義社會(huì)面臨的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題，新興技術(shù)有可能加劇這些問(wèn)題。但區(qū)塊鏈能為共享經(jīng)濟(jì)賦能，從而潛在地加快確保經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮全面包容的進(jìn)程，而不是助長(zhǎng)可能引起不平等和沖突的因素。

3.美國(guó)電網(wǎng)

美國(guó)的電網(wǎng)正在退化，而且已經(jīng)不合時(shí)宜。今天的能源網(wǎng)絡(luò)很容易受到自然災(zāi)害和氣候變化等因素的影響。許多研究人員正在研究替代過(guò)時(shí)系統(tǒng)的解決方案，一些人認(rèn)為區(qū)塊鏈將提供答案。

在布魯克林、紐約和其他城市，能源實(shí)驗(yàn)的參與者使用太陽(yáng)能電池板收集電能，并使用計(jì)算機(jī)化的“智能合同”進(jìn)行交易。作為項(xiàng)目的一部分，參與者還安裝了智能電表。他們使用區(qū)塊鏈來(lái)保護(hù)和驗(yàn)證所有不涉及公用事業(yè)公司或任何其他第三方的交易，不僅節(jié)省了成本，還提高了效率。

區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)還可以幫助抵御來(lái)自大自然以外的攻擊。2018年，有消息稱(chēng)俄羅斯黑客能夠侵入美國(guó)電網(wǎng)并切斷和控制電力。由于我們對(duì)電能的嚴(yán)重依賴(lài)，潛在的襲擊可能會(huì)造成混亂和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。而更安全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，比如區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)支撐的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，則可以降低黑客入侵美國(guó)電網(wǎng)的可能性。

4.房地產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域

房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)是區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)顛覆性潛力的絕佳證明。不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)讓是一個(gè)紛繁復(fù)雜的過(guò)程，但是區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)可以允許買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方在瞬間轉(zhuǎn)讓產(chǎn)權(quán)。賣(mài)家可以使用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)將所有權(quán)和契約安全地轉(zhuǎn)讓給新業(yè)主，買(mǎi)家則可以通過(guò)加密貨幣支付交易費(fèi)用。持有者還可以使用區(qū)塊鏈向相關(guān)的政府機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)送產(chǎn)權(quán)信息。

不管是對(duì)房主還是對(duì)買(mǎi)家來(lái)說(shuō)，房地產(chǎn)買(mǎi)賣(mài)手續(xù)費(fèi)都是一筆大開(kāi)銷(xiāo)。雖然區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)不會(huì)減少傭金和相關(guān)費(fèi)用，但更簡(jiǎn)化的購(gòu)買(mǎi)流程可能會(huì)降低買(mǎi)房的成本和減少不必要的麻煩，這也使得年輕人早日買(mǎi)房這一愿景變得更加現(xiàn)實(shí)。

5.交通運(yùn)輸行業(yè)

研究人員設(shè)想了這樣一個(gè)未來(lái)：區(qū)塊鏈和物聯(lián)網(wǎng)相結(jié)合，讓智慧城市成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。市政當(dāng)局可以將路牌、交通燈、車(chē)輛和其他物品的傳感器連接到物聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，從而最大限度地提高交通效率?？茖W(xué)家們希望通過(guò)在這一基礎(chǔ)上利用區(qū)塊鏈來(lái)有效地減少通勤時(shí)間、交通堵塞和汽車(chē)尾氣排放。區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)還可以提供潛在的便利，如停車(chē)及充電支付、交通罰單支付以及事故和維護(hù)監(jiān)控服務(wù)等。

結(jié) 語(yǔ)

分析師預(yù)測(cè)，到2018年底，比特幣的總價(jià)值將達(dá)到1.2萬(wàn)億美元。然而，有識(shí)之士則認(rèn)為區(qū)塊鏈的價(jià)值已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了它最初應(yīng)用于數(shù)字貨幣交易時(shí)候的價(jià)值。隨著越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)始接受一種不受政府或機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)管的貨幣理念，比特幣迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)，且這種貨幣的估值是基于可量化的，盡管其供求關(guān)系非常復(fù)雜。雖然人們對(duì)比特幣的狂熱情緒正逐漸趨于理性，但人們對(duì)比特幣背后的區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)仍然抱有極大興趣，我們很難對(duì)區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)在切斷中間商、增加安全性、節(jié)省寶貴時(shí)間和費(fèi)用上的價(jià)值視而不見(jiàn)。

附英語(yǔ)原文如下

Blockchain Technology Will Revolutionize These Five Industries

You’ve probably heard about blockchain technology through cryptocurrency, but did you know that blockchain technology is expected to revolutionize industries like real estate, transportation and even social justice?

Blockchain technology may have been made for bitcoin, but its potential to make transactions more secure is one of the most exciting possibilities for using this powerful technology. Innovation is most commonly known as the underlying algorithm of cryptocurrency. One day, businesses in every industry may use blockchain to record and verify every transaction. The decentralized characteristic of the utility makes it an appealing business resource, and enterprises covet the transparency and finality the digital recordkeeping application.

Blockchain Can Increase Trust and Accountability

Privacy issues are a concern for every American. With most businesses in the United States keeping their records and transactions mostly online, Americans have begun to become jaded as data breaches hit the news. While blockchain technology can’t prevent all data theft and cybercrime, it could help make transactions more secure, improving trust in businesses’ ability to protect consumer data. With cybercrime on the rise, the technology has arrived just in time. The first applications that will give way to blockchain are the most insecure transaction methods. From all of the disruption I’ve seen already in various industries, I believe that blockchain technology is a viable resource for any industry or field that conducts transactions.

Here are the five industries, institutions and fields that will experience the most exciting disruption due to blockchain technology in the near future.

The Finance Industry

Governments and large corporations are researching blockchain technology closely to unearth ways to utilize the resource. The finance industry is investigating blockchain intensely since fraud is a huge problem for banks and other financial organizations. Finance executives believe that the technology is a potentially ideal solution for security when transferring money from one account to another—always the most vulnerable point in any transaction. Blockchain may disrupt not only the field of digital security but also that of logistics and other fields across many industries. Cryptocurrency has also made its way into the crowdfunding and investment markets and led to the birth of crypto exchanges such as Okcoin, Poloniex and ShapeShift. This shift has not only opened up a number of new opportunities for individuals to invest, but also has created new job opportunities such as a crypto-investment banker. Although new, projections say that this position can expect to make as much as traditional investment bankers who have a median salary of approximately $81,339.

Another new feature brought on by blockchain tech is that investors can now buy into initial coin offerings (ICOs) in the same way that they buy into initial public offerings (IPOs). This is reshaping the investment world by eliminating geographical boundaries and speeding up the investment transaction process.

Social Justice

Enterprises and agencies could potentially use blockchain technology to securely record and verify inventories, monitor resources and redistribute assets. Via these means, the technology can pave the way toward a sharing economy. Inequality, income disparities and consistent income are serious problems in modern capitalist societies around the globe, and new technologies threaten to enhance these problems. Blockchain is a resource that can empower a sharing economy, and it can potentially accelerate the process of ensuring full inclusion in economic prosperity, rather than contribute to conditions that promote inequality and conflicts.

American Energy Grids

Energy grids in the United States are deteriorating and outdated. Today’s energy networks are vulnerable to elements such as natural disasters and climate changes. Many researchers are working on solutions to replace the outmoded system, and some believe that blockchain will provide the answer.

In Brooklyn, New York and other municipalities, participants in an energy experiment collect power using solar panels and exchange it using computerized “smart contracts.” The participants also install smart power meters as a part of the project. They use blockchain to secure and verify all transactions sans utility companies or any other third-party, saving on costs and increasing efficiency.

Blockchain technology could also help to fend off attacks from more than just Mother Nature. In 2018, information came to light that Russian hackers were able to gain access to United States electric grids, giving them the ability to cut off and control power. With our massive dependency on electricity, potential attacks could cause mayhem and economic damage. More secure networks, like those offered by the blockchain, could reduce the likelihood that hackers would be able to gain access to American energy grids.

The Real Estate Field

The real estate industry exemplifies the disruptive potential of blockchain technology. The transfer of real property is a complicated and extensive process, but blockchain technology can potentially allow property buyers and sellers to transfer property rights instantaneously. Sellers could use the technology to securely transfer titles and deeds to new owners, and buyers could pay for the transactions via cryptocurrency. Stakeholders could also use blockchain to send property information to the appropriate government agencies.

Closing costs are a big expense for homeowners and buyers alike. While blockchain technology won’t cut out commissions and related expenses, a simpler buying process could potentially reduce the cost and hassle of buying a home, making it more realistic for young people to get into the real estate market.

The Transportation Industry

Researchers imagine a future where blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) combine to make smart cities a reality. Municipalities could connect sensors for street signs, traffic lights, vehicles and other items to the IoT, enabling the rerouting of traffic for maximum efficiency. Scientists hope that by using blockchain in this manner they can reduce commute times, traffic congestion and vehicle emissions. The blockchain technology can also provide potential conveniences such as vehicle parking and be charging location and payment; traffic ticket payment; and accident and maintenance monitoring services.

Final Thoughts

Analysts forecast that bitcoin will achieve a total value of $1.2 trillion towards the end of 2018. However, forward-thinking individuals see the value of blockchain beyond its original application for digital currency transactions. Bitcoin took off rapidly as more people brought into the idea of a currency that’s free of government or institutional regulation and valued based on quantifiable, although highly complex, supply and demand. While the excitement about bitcoin is tempering, there’s great interest in its underlying blockchain technology. It’s hard to not see the value in cutting out middlemen, increasing security and saving precious time and expenses.

責(zé)任編輯：方茶云